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ObjectiveTo determine the influence of COVID-19 prevention and control on the epidemic characteristics and dynamics of notifiable infectious diseases in the first quarters， Zhejiang Province， and to explore more effective countermeasures against infectious diseases. MethodsDescriptive epidemiology was conducted to determine the change in notifiable infectious diseases during the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province by retrieving the data of notifiable infectious diseases from 2017 to 2022 in the Chinese information system for disease control and prevention. Cumulative reported new cases of notifiable infectious diseases in the first quarters of 2017‒2019 were compared with that of 2020‒2022. ResultsA total of 546 753 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were newly reported in the first quarters of 2017‒2019， with an average incidence of 321.92/105. In contrast， a total of 509 908 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were newly reported in the first quarters of 2020‒2022， during which the COVID-19 epidemic occurred， with an average incidence of 270.39/105. The incidence in 2020‒2022 significantly declined by 51.53/105， compared with that in 2017‒2019 （χ²=8 072.06， P<0.001）. In the first quarters of 2020‒2022， the average incidence of zoonotic diseases and vector-borne diseases decreased by more than 50%. In addition， the incidence of respiratory， enteric， blood-borne， and sexually transmitted diseases declined to certain degree. ConclusionThe decline in the newly reported cases of non-COVID-19 notifiable infectious diseases in the first quarters of 2020‒2022 indicates that the countermeasures against COVID-19 epidemic， such as multi-disease co-prevention， multi-sectoral collaboration， societal mobilization and personal hygiene and protection， may also decrease the incidence of multiple infectious diseases. It suggests the countermeasures are effective， which would provide evidence for routine prevention and control of infectious diseases in future.
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Upper respiratory tract is directly connected with the external environment， and its natural immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens. In antiviral infection， interferon （IFN） is the main component of the antiviral natural immune system and IFN-λ is a newly discovered immune effector molecule that is mainly produced in the mucosal barrier. IFN-λ exerts a biological role through Janus kinase （JAK） and signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway， and plays an important part in regulating innate and acquired immunity of respiratory mucosa. IFN-λ principally expresses on the mucosal barrier with a long-lasting antiviral impact and controls immune-inflammatory damage， which is becoming a new focus of antiviral immunity research in the upper respiratory tract， especially in fighting against 2019 novel coronavirus diseases （COVID-19）. Thus， we summarize the research progress of IFN-λ antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract to provide new insight in the prevention and treatment of viral infection in the upper respiratory tract.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility and safety of robotic surgical system for radical gastrectomy after liver transplantation.@*METHODS@#A 65-year-old male patient with gastric cancer after liver transplantation underwent radical distal subtotal gastrectomy using Da Vinci surgical system at the General Surgery Department of Southwest Hospital Affiliated to the Army Military Medical University on October 23,2018. The placement of Trocars was arranged using five-hole method. No metastatic tumors were found during intraperitoneal exploration and the first hepatic hilum was found to be wrapped with omentum majus. The tumor located at gastric antrum near the lesser curvature. Then the first and the second station lymph nodes were dissected successively. Distal gastrectomy, Billroth II and Brown anastomosis were performed. The anatomical changes of upper abdomen and gastric lymph reflux after liver transplantation were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Radical distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was successfully performed under the whole robotic surgical system. The operative time was 315 minutes,and blood loss was 145 ml. A total of 19 lymph nodes were dissected, of which 11 were metastatic lymph nodes. The operative difficulty was to separate the adhesion around the hepatic hilum precisely so as to avoid the damage of hepatic surface, as well as the colon hepatic flexure and duodenum which were closely adhered to hepatic hilum. Meanwhile,it was necessary to pay attention to protetion for the common bile duct and portal vein. The endoscopic wrist joint of the robot surgical system was flexible and delicate, which had obvious advantages in the process of anatomical separation of the adhesions among organs and adhesions around denuded common hepatic artery without normal vascular sheath. Semi-liquid diet was provided on the third day after operation. The immunosuppressants were resumed on the third day after operation. The patient was discharged on the 7th day postoperatively without any complications. There were no abdominal bleeding, incision infection,anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis and other complications. Two months after operation, the patients diet and daily life is normal.@*CONCLUSION@#The robotic surgical system is safe and feasible for gastric cancer surgery after liver transplantation.
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Aged , Humans , Male , Feasibility Studies , Gastrectomy , Methods , Laparoscopy , Liver Failure , General Surgery , Liver Transplantation , Lymph Node Excision , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Stomach Neoplasms , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the clinical efficacy of proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction (PG-DT) and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (TG-RY) for proximal gastric cancer.@*Methods@#The retrospective study was conducted. Clinicopathological data of 132 patients with proximal gastric cancer confirmed by pathology who underwent PG-DT (n=51) or TG-RY (n=81) by the same surgeon team in Southwest Hospital of Army Military Medical University between January 2006 and December 2016 were collected. Patients with preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, non-R0 resection and non-adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology were excluded. Observation indicators included intraoperative (operation time and blood loss); postoperative (time to flatus, hospital stay, total complications, metastasis of lymph nodes around distal side of stomach from cases undergoing TG-RY), follow-up (long-term hemoglobin level, incidence of anemia, and survival) parameters. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-rank test was used to compare survival difference between two groups.@*Results@#No statistically significant differences were found between two groups in the baseline data, including age, gender, BMI, hemoglobin level before operation, postoperative TNM stage, tumor size and histological differentiation between two groups (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences between PG-DT and TG-RY in intraoperative blood loss [200 (200) ml vs. 200 (195) ml, Z=-1.860, P=0.063], time to flatus [(2.7±1.0) days vs. (2.6±1.1) days, t=0.225, P=0.823], postoperative hospital stay [10(3) days vs. 10 (4) days, Z=-0.449, P=0.654] and morbidity of perioperative complications [5.9% (3/51) vs. 8.6% (7/81), χ2=0.081, P=0.775]. Compared with the TG-RY group, PG-DT group had longer total operative time [294 (97) minutes vs. 255 (71) minutes, Z=–3.148, P=0.002]. The hemoglobin data of 42 patients with PG-DT and 56 patients with TG-RY were collected 1 year after operation. The incidence of anemia in PG-DT group was lower than that of TG-RY group [64.2%(27/42) vs. 82.1% (46/56), χ2=4.072, P=0.045], and PG-DT group had higher level of hemoglobin than TG-RY group [(114.4±16.3) g/L vs. (106.6±15.0) g/L, t=2.435, P=0.017]. There were 4 cases (4/81, 4.9%) with metastasis of lymph nodes around distal side of stomach in TG-RY group. All of these 4 tumors were T4 in depth and were more than 5 cm in diameter. The median follow-up period was 26 (1 to 110) months. One-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 93.2%, 65.3% and 55.0% in PG-DT group, and 85.8%, 63.8% and 47.2% in TG-RY group, respectively without significant difference (χ2=0.890, P=0.345).@*Conclusions@#Compared with TG-RY, PG-DT has the same safety and feasibility for proximal gastric cancer. Although the operative time is a little longer than TG-RY, PG-DT has advantages in improving the postoperative hemoglobin level.
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Objective@#To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic operation in thetreatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) at unfavorable positions.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of patients with gastric GIST at unfavorable positions confirmed by pathology after surgery (laparoscopy or laparotomy) at the Southwest Hospital of the Army Medical University and the Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University from June 2008 to June 2018. The unfavorable positions of stomach are defined as the esophagogastric junction, the proximal cardia of gastric lesser curvature, the pylorus of stomach, the posterior wall of stomach and the antrum of stomach.Exclusion criteria:(1) preoperative chemotherapy or imatinib therapy; (2) diameter of tumor > 10 cm; (3) tumor metastasis or concurrence of other malignant tumors. A total of 244 patients (238 in Southwest Hospital and 6 in Minda Hospital) were enrolled, including 122 males and 122 females with age of 41-70years. Operative methods should be adopted according to patients' wishes. There were 146 cases in the laparoscopic surgery group and98 cases in the open surgery group. The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, postoperative first flatus time, postoperative firstfeeding time,average hospital stay, morbidity of postoperative complication,1-,3-,and 5-year recurrence free survival(RFS) and overall survival (OS)rate were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in sex, age, tumor size, tumor risk grade or growth pattern between the laparoscopic and the open surgery groups (all P>0.05),and these two groups were comparable. Compared with open group, laparoscopic group had less intraoperative blood loss [(31.4±2.3) ml vs. (143.9±3.7) ml, t=292.800, P<0.001], shorter postoperative first flatus time [(2.1±0.7) days vs.(3.8±0.8) days, t=17.550,P<0.001], shorter postoperative first feeding time [(2.1±0.5) days vs.(2.3±1.7) days, t=1.339,P=0.020], shorter hospital stay [(8.6±2.6) days vs. (13.6±3.2) days, t=13.410, P<0.001], and lower morbidity of postoperative complication [16(11.0%) vs. 21(21.4%),χ2=4.996,P=0.025], whose differences were statistically significant. While the operation time was similar in two groups [(124.7±15.8) minutes vs. (120.9±14.5) minutes, t=1.903,P=0.058]. The median follow-up of all the patients was 43 (1 to 119) months.In laparoscopic group and open group, the 1-, 3- and 5-year RFS were 94.5% vs. 93.9%, 91.1% vs. 90.8%,and 82.2% vs. 81.6%, respectively, and 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 98.6% vs. 95.9%, 95.9% vs. 94.9%,and 91.1% vs. 88.8%, respectively, whose differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#In the experienced gastrointestinal surgery center, laparoscopic resection of gastric GIST at unfavorable position is safe and feasible, achieving the same efficacy of open surgery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the surgical techniques and feasibility of robotic surgery for carcinoma in the remnant stomach(CRS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological data of 20 CRS patients undergoing robotic surgery at the Minimally Invasive Center for Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Medical University Southwest Hospital from November 2012 to October 2017 were retrospectively collected. The surgical methods, procedures, main difficulties, and key techniques were analyzed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 20 CRS patients, 14 were male and 6 were female with mean age of 59.9 years and mean BMI of 19.7 kg/m. For the primary diseases, 17 patients underwent laparotomy, 3 underwent laparoscopic radical resection of gastric cancer; 18 cases received distal subtotal gastrectomy plus Billroth II( anastomosis, 2 received distal subtotal gastrectomy plus Billroth I( anastomosis. CRS located in anastomotic stoma in 15 cases and in the gastric fundus and cardiac part in 5 cases. Preoperative staging revealed 2 cases of T2NxM0, 1 of T3NxM0, 2 of TxNxM0 and 15 of T4aNxM0. Sixteen patients received robotic surgery with Roux-en-Y reconstruction successfully, and 4 patients were converted to laparotomy for palliative total gastrectomy, including 1 case with diaphragm invasion, 1 case with transverse colon invasion, and 2 cases with tight adhesions. The mean surgery time was (255±35) minutes, mean blood loss was (230±50) ml, mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 19.5±3.0, mean recovery time to gastrointestinal function was (2.3±1.0) days, mean time to feeding was (2.3±1.0) days, and mean time to ambulatory activity was (2.5±0.5) days. Pathological examinations revealed 12 patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 6 patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 2 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma. Postoperative pTNM staging was identified as follows: stage I(B for 1 patient, stage II(A for 2 patients, stage II(B for 5 patients, stage III(A for 5 patients, stage III(B for 4 patients, and stage III(C for 3 patients. One patient died 2 weeks after operation due to multiple organ failure. One patient received another hemostasis operation due to hemorrhage of splenic artery and recovered postoperatively. Two patients experienced anastomotic leakage, 1 patient developed duodenal stump fistula and 1 patient experienced incision site infection postoperatively, and all of them recovered after conservative treatment. During 5-60 months follow-up, 10 cases died and 10 cases survived, including 1 case for 6 years.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Robotic surgery for CRS is feasible with satisfactory short-term efficacy. However, the long-term efficacy requires further study.</p>